Dr. Shuang Gu Ph.D.

• Advanced ion-conducting polymer electrolytes for electrochemical applications
• Novel cell designs for high-performance and low-cost redox-flow batteries
• Nonaqueous anion-exchange membranes and nonaqueous redox-flow batteries
• Electrochemical activation of natural gas for liquid-fuel production
• Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen gas for green and sustainable agriculture
• Anion-specific polymer membranes for water treatment and chemical upcycling

• Thermodynamics I (ME 398)
• Thermodynamics II (ME 502)
• Sustainability and Energy (ME 750F)
• Renewable Energy (ME 850AD)
• Polymer Electrolytes
• Electrochemical Processes

1. Desai, N. Seyedhassantehrani, M. Shagar, S. Gu*, and R. Asmatulu*, Preparation and characterization of KOH-treated electrospun nanofiber mats as electrodes for iron-based redox-flow batteries, J. Energy Storage, 2020, 27, #101053.
2. Qiu, L. Xin, I.T. McCrum, F. Guo, T. Ma, Y. Ren, Q. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Gu, M.J. Janik, and W.Z. Li, BCC-Phased PdCu Alloy as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Oxidation in Alkaline Electrolytes, JACS, 2018, 140, 140, 16580−16588.
3. Z. Zhang, H. Long, R.B Kaspar, J.H. Wang, S. Gu, Z.B. Zhuang, B. Pivovar, and Y.S. Yan, Relating alkaline stability to the structure of quaternary phosphonium cations, RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 26640−26645.
4. X. Ma, B.P. Setzler, K. Gong, S. Gu, and Yushan Yan, A General, Analytical Model for Flow Battery Costing and Design, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2018, 165, A2209−A2216.
5. Gong, F. Xu, M.G. Lehrich, X.Y. Ma, S. Gu*, and Y.S. Yan*, Exploiting Immiscible Aqueous-Nonaqueous Electrolyte Interface toward a Membraneless Redox-Flow Battery Concept, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, A2590−A2593.
6. Zhao, S. Gu, K. Gong, J. Zheng, J.H. Wang, and Y.S. Yan, Low-Voltage Gaseous HCl Electrolysis with an Iron Redox-Mediated Cathode for Chlorine Regeneration, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 10735−10739.
7. Zhao, S. Gu, K. Gong, J. Zheng, J.H. Wang, and Y.S. Yan, Iodine Redox-Mediated Electrolysis for Energy-Efficient Chlorine Regeneration from Gaseous HCl, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, E138−E143.
8. X. Guo, J.H. Wang, Q.R. Fang, Y. Zhao, S. Gu, J. Zheng, and Y.S. Yan, A quaternary-ammonium-functionalized covalent organic framework for anion conduction, CrystEngComm, 2017, 19, 4905−4910.
9. Gong, F. Xu, J. Grunewald, X.Y. Ma, Y. Zhao, S. Gu*, and Y.S. Yan*, All-soluble all-iron aqueous redox-flow battery, ACS Energy Lett., 2016, 1, 89−93.
10. Zhang, R. Kaspar, S. Gu, J.H. Wang, Z.B, Zhuang, and Y.S. Yan, A new alkali-stable phosphonium cation based on fundamental understanding of degradation mechanisms, ChemSusChem, 2016, 9, 2371−2379. (100+ Citations)
11. Zheng, S.Y. Zhou, S. Gu, B.J. Xu, and Y.S. Yan, Size-dependent hydrogen oxidation and evolution activities on supported palladium nanoparticles in acid and base, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2016, 163, F499−F506.
12. Y. Xie, W.M. Zhang, S. Gu, Y.S. Yan, and Z.F. Ma, Process engineering in electrochemical energy devices innovation, Chin. J. Polym. Sci., 2016, 24, 39−47.
13. Gong, X,Y. Ma, K.M. Conforti, K.J. Kuttler, J.B. Grunewald, K.L. Teager, M.Z. Baznt, S. Gu*, and Y.S. Yan*, A zinc–iron redox-flow battery under $100 per kW h of system capital cost, Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 2941−2945. (Highlighted as the Authors’ Choice Article by ACS Energy Letters: Top 1)
14. Gong, Q.R. Fang, S. Gu*, S.F.Y. Li, and Y.S. Yan*, Nonaqueous redox-flow batteries: organic solvents, supporting electrolytes, and redox pairs, Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 3515−3530. (100+ Citations)
15. Gu, J.H. Wang, R.B., Kaspar, Q.R. Fang, B.Z. Zhang, E.B. Coughlin, and Y.S. Yan, Permethyl Cobaltocenium (Cp*₂Co⁺) as an Ultra-Stable Cation for Polymer Hydroxide-Exchange Membranes, Sci. Rep., 2015, 5, Article No.: 11668.
16. H. Wang, S. Gu, R.C. Xiong, B.Z. Zhang, B.J. Xu, and Y.S. Yan, Structure-Property Relationships in Hydroxide-Exchange Membranes with Cation Strings and High Ion-Exchange Capacity, ChemSusChem, 2015, 8, 4229−4234.
17. Huang, S. Gu, Y.S. Yan, and S.F.Y. Li, Nonaqueous redox-flow batteries: feature, challenges, and prospects, Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng., 2015, 8, 105−113.
18. D. Woodroof, J.A. Wittkopf, S. Gu, Y.S. Yan, Exchange current density of the hydrogen oxidation reaction on Pt/C in polymer solid base electrolyte, Electrochem. Commun., 2015, 61, 57−60.
19. R. Fang, J.H. Wang, S. Gu, R.B. Kaspar, Z.B. Zhuang, J. Zheng, H.X. Guo, S.L. Qiu, and Y.S. Yan, 3D Porous Crystalline Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137, 8352−8355. (200+ Citations)
20. M. Yan, X.M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, X. Gong, and J. Benziger, A Methanesulfonic Acid/Sulfuric Acid-Based Route for Easily-Controllable Chloromethylation of Poly(ether ether ketone), J. Appl. Ploym. Sci., 2015, 132, Article No.: 41404.
21. B. Kaspar, M.P. Letterio, J.A. Wittkopf, K. Gong, S. Gu, Y.S. Yan, Manipulating Water in High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells through Asymmetric Humidification and Wetproofing, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2015, 162, F483−F488.
22. Gu, J.H. Wang, B.Z. Zhang, R.B, Kaspar, and Y.S. Yan, Hydroxide exchange membranes and ionomers, Book Chapter (Ch. 6) in Materials for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells, 1^st Ed., edited by B. Ladewig, S.P. Jiang, Y.S. Yan, and G.Q.M. Lu., Wiley-VCH, 2015, 125−144. (Invited Book Chapter)
23. Gu*, K. Gong, E.Z. Yan, and Y.S. Yan*, A multiple ion-exchange membrane cell design for redox flow batteries, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 2986−2998. (Back-Cover Picture, Highlighted by Chemical Engineering Process)
24. M. Yan, S. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, W.J. Zheng, X.H. Ruan, Quaternary phosphonium-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) as highly conductive and alkali-stable hydroxide exchange membrane for fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci., 2014, 466, 220−228.
25. M. Yan, S. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, J. Benziger, Imidazolium-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) as membrane and electrode ionomer for low-temperature alkaline membrane direct methanol fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 250, 90−97. (100+ Citations)
26. F. Fang, S. Gu, J. Zheng, S.L. Qiu, Y.S. Yan, 3D Microporous Base-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Size-Selective Catalysis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 126, 2922−2926. (200+ Citations)
27. Xiong, S. Gu, K.O. Jensen, Y.S. Yan, Facilitated transport in hydroxide exchange membranes for post-combustion CO2 separation, ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 114−116.
28. R. Fang, Z.B. Zhuang, S. Gu, R.B. Kaspar, J. Zheng, J.H. Wang, S.L. Qiu, Y.S. Yan, Designed synthesis of large-pore crystalline polyimide covalent organic frameworks, Nat. Commun., 2014, 5, Article No.: 4503. (200+ Citations)
29. R. Gao, W.C. Sheng, Z.B. Zhuang, Q.F. Fang, S. Gu, J. Jiang, Y.S. Yan, Efficient Water Oxidation Using Nanostructured alpha-Nickel-Hydroxide as an Electrocatalyst, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 7077−7084. (500+ Citations)
30. W. Hu, G.H. He, S. Gu, Y.F. Liu, X.M. Wu, Montmorillonite-reinforced sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, Article No.: 39852.
31. Gu, B.J. Xu, Y.S. Yan, Electrochemical Energy Engineering: A New Frontier of Chemical Engineering Innovation, Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng., 2014, 5, 429−454. (Invited Book Chapter)
32. Gu, W.C. Sheng, R. Cai, S.M. Alia, S.Q. Song, K.O. Jensen, Y.S. Yan, An efficient Ag-ionomer interface for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells, Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 131−133. (Inside-Cover Picture, Highlighted by UDaily)
33. H. Wang, S. Gu, R.B. Kaspar, B.Z. Zhang, Y.S. Yan, Stabilizing the imidazolium cation in hydroxide-exchange membranes for fuel cells, ChemSusChem, 2013, 6, 2079−2082. (50+ Citations)
34. Gu, J. Skovgard, Y.S. Yan, Engineering the Van der Waals Interaction in Cross-Linking-Free Hydroxide Exchange Membranes for Low Swelling and High Conductivity, ChemSusChem, 2012, 5, 843−848. (Cover Picture, Invited Research Paper, Highlighted by UDaily)
35. Z. Zhang, S. Gu, J.H. Wang, Y. Liu, A.M. Herrings, Y.S. Yan, Tertiary sulfonium as a cationic functional group for hydroxide exchange membranes, RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 12683−12685. (100+ Citations)
36. M. Yan, G.H. He, S. Gu, X.M. Wu, L.G. Du, Y.D. Wang, Imidazolium-functionalized polysulfone hydroxide exchange membranes for potential applications in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37, 5216−5224. (100+ Citations)
37. Gu, R. Cai, Y.S. Yan, Self-crosslinking for dimensionally stable and solvent-resistant quaternary phosphonium based hydroxide exchange membranes, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 2856−2858. (200+ Citations)
38. M. Yan, G.H. He, S. Gu, X.M. Wu, L.G. Du, H.Y. Zhang, Quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) hydroxide exchange membranes for fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci., 2011, 375, 204−211. (100+ Citations)
39. Sarode, M.A. Vandiver, A.M. Maes, B. Caire, J.L. Horan, Y.T. Yang, G.E. Lindberg, J.F. Dama, C. Knight, R. Jorn, M.E. Lenz, R.Z. Kaspar, S. Gu, B.Z. Zhang, S. Seifert, T.H. Tsai, W.X. Zhang, E.B. Coughlin, D.M. Knauss, Y.S. Yan, G.A. Voth, T.A. Witten, M. Liberatore, A.M. Herrings, Designing Alkaline Exchange Membranes from Scratch, ECS Trans., 2011, 41, 1761−1774.
40. Gu, R. Cai, T. Luo, K.O. Jensen, C. Contreras, Y.S. Yan, Quaternary Phosphonium Based Polymers as Hydroxide Exchange Membranes, ChemSusChem, 2010, 3, 555−558. (Cover Picture, 100+ Citations)
41. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, Z.W. Hu, L.L. Wang, G.K. Xiao, L. Peng, Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) blends for proton exchange membrane, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2010, 116, 852−860.
42. Cai, Y. Liu, S. Gu, Y.S. Yan, Ambient pressure dry-gel conversion method for zeolite MFI synthesis using ionic liquid and microwave heating, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 12776−12777. (50+ Citations)
43. M. Alia, G. Zhang, D. Kisailus, D.S. Li, S. Gu, K.O. Jensen, Y.S. Yan, Porous platinum nanotubes for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3742−3746. (Cover Picture, Invited Research Paper) (200+ Citations)
44. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, Z.W. Hu, X.M. Yan, The state of water in the series of sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) proton exchange membranes, Chem. Eng. J., 2010, 156, 578−581.
45. Gu, R. Cai, T. Luo, M.W. Sun, Y. Liu, G.H. He, Y.S. Yan, A soluble and highly conductive ionomer for high-performance hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 6499−6502. (Cover Picture, 500+ Citations)
46. Rong, S. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, Z.W. Hu, X.M. Yan, Studies on preparation and properties of sulfonated polyether ether ketone/poly4-vinylepyridine acid-base composite proton exchange membranes, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. (Chinese journal), 2009, 25, 126−129.
47. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, Y.J. Guo, H.J. Liu, L. Peng, G.K. Xiao, Preparation and characteristics of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) with sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) for proton exchange membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 2008, 312, 48−58. (50+ Citations)
48. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, Z.W. Hu, P.J. Yao, Novel interpenetrating polymer network sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)/polyacrylic acid proton exchange membranes for fuel cell, J. Membr. Sci., 2007, 295, 80−87.
49. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, W. Chen, P.J. Yao, Sulfonation of Poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) by Heterogeneous Method and Its Potential Application on Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, 104, 1002−1009.
50. Lin, G.H. He, X.C. Li, L. Peng, C.X. Dong, S. Gu, G.K. Xiao, Freeze/thaw induced demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions with loosely packed droplets, Sep. Pur. Tech., 2007, 56, 175−183.
51. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, C.N. Li, H.J. Liu, C. Lin, X.C. Li, Synthesis and characteristics of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), J. Membr. Sci., 2006, 281, 121−129. (50+ Citations)
52. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, H.J. Liu, Y.J. Guo, L.N. Li, Separation-purification and mathematical model of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK), Proceedings of the 2^nd European Conference on Filtration and Separation, 2006, 349−361.
53. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, L. Chang, Research and development of new-style proton exchange membrane in fuel cell, Membr. Sci. Tech. (Chinese journal), 2005, 25, 92−96. (Invited Review Paper)
54. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, Z.W. Hu, P.J. Yao, Microstructure of the cross-linked sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) charged membranes via sulfonamide linkages, J. Funct. Mater. (Chinese journal), 2006, 37, 1341−1344.
55. M. Wu, G.H. He, L. Gao, S. Gu, Z.W. Hu, P.J. Yao, Synthesis and water uptake of sulfonated poly(phthalzinone ether sulfone ketone)/polyacrylic acid proton exchange membranes, Chin. Chem. Lett., 2006, 17, 965−968.
56. J. Liu, G.H. He, L.N. Li, S. Gu, C. Liu, G.K. Xiao, Evaluation of calculating the isotonic swelling ratio of emulsion liquid membrane by theoretical viscosity models, J. Disper. Sci. Tech., 2006, 27, 773−779.
57. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, P.J. Yao, Application of chemical cross-linking on the preparation of proton exchange membranes, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. (Chinese journal), 2006, 22, 28−31.
58. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, P.J. Yao, Sulfonation: A promising method for preparation of polymer charged membranes, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. (Chinese journal), 2005, 21, 7−13.
59. C. Li, G.H. He, S. Gu, X.J. Zhang, Extraction of BSA by reversed micelles, Proceedings on the Biomedical Engineering of Dalian University of Technology, 2003, 1, 341−346.
60. M. Wu, G.H. He, S. Gu, P.J. Yao, Polymer electrolyte membranes and their modification for FC, Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog. (Chinese journal), 2003, 22-Z1, 292−296.
61. C. Li, G.H. He, W.Z. Quan, S. Gu, Extraction of BSA by Cationic Reversed Micelles, Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog. (Chinese journal), 2003, 22-Z1, 206−210.
62. Gu, G.H. He, X.M. Wu, X.C. Li, SPPESK’s new separation approach—precipitation separation, Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog. (Chinese journal), 2003, 22-Z1, 270−273.

Assistant Professor, Wichita State University                                            08/2015−Present
      Department of Mechanical Engineering

 Research Assistant Professor, University of Delaware                           10/2012−07/2015
      Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Delaware                                     09/2011−09/2012                     Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Advisor: Prof. Yushan Yan

 Postdoctoral Researcher, University of California − Riverside               08/2008−08/2011
    Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Advisor: Prof. Yushan Yan

Junior Researcher, University of California − Riverside                         08/2007−07/2008
     Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Advisor: Prof. Yushan Yan

Assistant Engineer, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation             07/2000−07/2001
     SINOPEC Shanghai Gaoqiao Petrochemical Company

• 2020 Award of Research/Creative Projects (ARCP) from WSU
• 2019 Excellence in Research Award from WSU
• 2019 John A. See Innovation Award from WSU
• 2017 ARPA-E REFUEL Award from DOE (2017 REFUEL)
• 2016 John A. See Innovation Award from WSU
• 2016 ARPA-E IONICS Award from DOE (2017 IONICS)
• 2016 Undergraduate Research Award from WSU
• 2015 EERE Award from DOE (2014 Fuel Cell Incubator)
• 2014 UDEI Award (#1) from UD
• 2014 UDEI Award (#2) from UD
• 2012 ARPA-E OPEN Award from DOE (2012 OPEN CALL)
• 2011 High Quality Paper Award from DUT (J Membr. Sci., 2006, 281, 121−129.)
• 2001 Best Employee Award from SINOPEC – Shanghai, 2001

1. Gu and Farshad Houtaham, Converting natural gas to value-added liquid fuels, US Patent, No. 10,519,084, granted on 12/31/2019.
2. S. Yan, B.Z. Zhang, S. Gu, Phosphonium cations and polymers incorporating them, US Patent, No. 10,056,638, granted on 08/21/2018.
3. S. Yan, S. Gu, K. Gong, Double-membrane triple-electrolyte design for high-voltage and low-crossover redox flow batteries, US Patent, No. 9,917,323, granted on 03/13/2018; [PCT Patent Application, No. PCT/US2013/045595, filed on 6/13/2013.] (Licensed to DEGi-Storage LLC)
4. S. Yan, S. Gu, K. Gong, Multiple-membrane multiple-electrolytes redox flow battery design, US Patent, No. 9,640,826, granted on 05/02/2017; [PCT Patent Application, No. PCT/US2013/045595, file on 6/13/2013.] (Licensed to DEGi-Storage LLC)
5. S. Yan, S. Gu, and R. Cai, Highly basic ionomers and membranes and anion/hydroxide exchange fuel cells comprising ionomers and membranes, US Patent, No. 9,263,757, granted on 02/16/2016.
6. S. Yan, S. Gu, and R. Cai, Highly basic ionomers and membranes and anion/hydroxide exchange fuel cells comprising ionomers and membranes, US Patent, No. 8,641,949, granted on 02/04/2014. (Licensed to OH-Energy Inc.)
7. S. Yan, S. Gu, and F. Wang, Highly basic ionomers and membranes and anion/hydroxide exchange fuel cells comprising ionomers and membranes, US Patent, No. 8,535,586, granted on 09/17/2013.
8. M. Wu, G.H. He, L. Gao, S. Gu, Z.W. Hu, X.G. Jian, P.J. Yao, Sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)/polypolyacrylic acid proton exchange membranes and its preparation, China Patent, No. CN1786059A, granted on 08/13/2008.
9. H. He, Z.Q. Ma, X.G. Jian, G.H. Chen, X.M. Wu, B.L. Yu, S. Gu, Sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) proton exchange membrane and its preparation, China Patent, No. CN1564341A, granted on 08/02/2006.

2020 ARCP Grant from WSU, “Innovative Upgrading of Natural Gas to Value-Added Liquids with Ultrahigh Activity”, PI, total grant of $3,784, 05/01/2020−08/31/2020.

2019 John A. See Innovation Grant from WSU, “Redox-Mediated Ammonia Synthesis with Ultrahigh Efficiency and Low Cost for Sustainable Fuels”, PI, total grant of $13,280, 04/01/2019−03/31/2020.

2017 ARPA-E REFUEL Grant from DOE (2017 REFUEL), “Alkaline membrane-based ammonia electrosynthesis with high efficiency for renewable and scalable liquid-fuel production”, PI, total grant of $855,000, 06/19/2017−12/18/2019.

2016 John A. See Innovation Grant from WSU, “Turning Air to Ammonium under Ambient Conditions for Green and Sustainable Agriculture”, PI, total grant of $15,000, 04/01/2016−03/31/2017.

2016 ARPA-E IONICS Grant from DOE (2017 IONICS), “Highly conductive, stable and robust hydroxide exchange membranes based on poly(aryl piperidinium)”, Co-PI (PI: Prof. Y.S. Yan), total grant of $1,868,796, 01/01/2017−03/31/2019.

2016 Undergraduate Research Grant from WSU, “Quantum chemistry-based calculations for understanding organic materials”, total grant of $1,000, 01/01/2016−12/31/2016

2015 EERE Grant from DOE (2014 Fuel Cell Incubator), “Highly Stable Anion-Exchange Membranes for High-Voltage Redox-Flow Batteries”, Co-PI (PI: Prof. Y.S. Yan), total grant of $600,000, 07/01/2015−08/31/2017.

2014 UDEI Grant from University of Delaware (Innovative Energy Research Grants Program), “Electrochemical activation of CH4 for liquid fuels”, Co-PI (PI: Prof. Y.S. Yan), total grant of $25,000, 09/01/2014−08/31/2015.

2014 UDEI Grant from University of Delaware (Innovative Energy Research Grants Program), “Modeling of redox reactions in flow batteries”, Co-PI (PI: Prof. Don Vlachos), total grant of $25,000, 09/01/2014−08/31/2015.

2012 ARPA-E OPEN Grant from DOE (2012 OPEN CALL), “High-voltage and low-crossover redox flow batteries for economical and efficient electricity storage”, sole Co-PI (PI: Prof. Y.S. Yan), total grant of $793,071, 1/9/2013−12/31/2015, 2012 (1 of 66 Awards among 4,000+ of Concept Papers)